Facilities & Administrative (F&A) costs, sometimes referred to as indirect costs, are costs incurred for common or joint objectives and therefore are not readily identifiable with a particular sponsored project, an instructional activity or any other institutional activity. Because these are actual (real) costs of doing business, we seek their recovery from grant awards in the form of F&A costs.
Facilities costs can include, but are not limited to, utilities, custodial services, plant operations such as heating and cooling services, and maintenance expenses. Administrative costs can include, but are not limited to, payroll and accounting services, office supplies, departmental administration, procurement services, library services and sponsored projects administration. An example of an administrative cost might be a portion of the salary for a payroll clerk who processes biweekly and monthly payroll for an employee being paid from a grant. A portion of that clerk’s time is indirectly benefiting the grant.
How Are F&A Costs Applied to Project Expenses?
What are the Current F&A Rates at UNL?
How is the Correct F&A Rate for a Project Determined?
How is F&A Distributed at UNL?
What is UNL’s F&A Distribution Policy?
How Were F&A Funds Allocated in FY22?
FY2022 F&A Distribution Memo from VCRED
How Are F&A Rates Determined?
The federal government recognizes that it is not possible to accurately capture all costs of an organization that are allocable to a particular grant. Guidelines in OMB Uniform Guidance (2 CFR 200, Subpart E-Cost Principles) define a process for grouping costs into specified cost pools, which are then distributed to appropriate activities in a cost allocation process. Once the cost allocations are made, negotiations take place between the university and its cognizant agency, an agency designated to negotiate federal indirect cost rates. The University of Nebraska–Lincoln negotiates with the Department of Health and Human Services. Rates are generally renegotiated every three to four years. More than one rate has been negotiated by UNL. Rates cover organized research, instruction, Agricultural Research Division, Cooperative Extension Service and other sponsored activities.
How Are F&A Costs Applied to Project Expenses?
Federally negotiated F&A costs are charged against modified total direct costs (MTDC). Modified total direct costs exclude equipment, capital expenditures, charges for patient care and tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships, as well as the portion of each subaward in excess of $25,000. Equipment is defined as an item having an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more and a useful life of more than one year. Please note that on projects whose budgets include F&A rates other than our federally negotiated rates, F&A is generally charged against total (all) direct costs.
You should be aware of the effect of rebudgeting on the F&A costs charged to a project. F&A costs are based on actual award expenditures, which may differ from expenditures originally budgeted in the proposal.
In the example shown below, equipment expenditures (non-F&A bearing) were $5,000 more than the budgeted amount, while other direct expenditures were $3,215 less than budgeted, resulting in a $1,785 reduction in F&A costs.
| Expenditure | Budgeted | Expenditures |
| Salaries and Benefits | 25,000 | 21,785 |
| Operating Expenses | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| Equipment* | 12,000 | 17,000 |
| Total Direct Costs (TDC) | 42,000 | 43,785 |
| Total MTDC | 30,000 | 26,785 |
| F&A (55.5% of MTDC) | 16,650 | 14,865 |
| Total (TDC + F&A) | 58,650 | 58,650 |
*excluded from TDC in calculating MTDC
If you budget for a non-F&A bearing expense but then spend more in an F&A bearing account category, you must reduce the amount you can spend on total direct costs for the correct F&A to post. In the next example, equipment expenditures were $7,000 under the budgeted amount, while other direct charges were $4,502 more than the budgeted amount. The result is a $2,498 increase in F&A costs.
| Expenditure | Budgeted | Expenditures |
| Salaries and Benefits | 25,000 | 29,502 |
| Operating Expenses | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| Equipment* | 12,000 | 5,000 |
| Total Direct Costs (TDC) | 42,000 | 39,502 |
| Total MTDC | 30,000 | 34,502 |
| F&A (55.5% of MTDC) | 16,650 | 19,148 |
| Total (TDC + F&A) | 58,650 | 58,650 |
*excluded from TDC in calculating MTDC
What are the Current F&A Rates at UNL?
For the latest F&A rates, visit the Facilities and Administrative Cost Rates page.
How is the Correct F&A Rate for a Project Determined?
It is UNL’s practice to apply only one F&A rate to each sponsored project. The rate most appropriate to the type of activity being performed in the project should be used. In addition, the off-campus rate should be applied only when the preponderance of project activities is performed in facilities not owned by the institution and/or to which rent is directly allocated to the project.
How is F&A Distributed at UNL?
F&A funds are shared with colleges across campus and used to build and maintain infrastructure and facilities, support faculty start-ups, fund required cost-share and fund costs of compliance.
What is UNL’s F&A Distribution Policy?
The Office of Research will allocate F&A costs to various campus units each fall based on the F&A costs recovered in the previous fiscal year as follows:
- The first $700,000 recovered is directed to the university’s general operating budget as required by the State Legislature.
- After the general operating budget commitment is met, 20.5% of the remaining recovered F&A costs will be held centrally. The first $2 million of this amount will be used to support the Libraries and the remainder will support future infrastructure and research projects.
Of the remaining net amount:
- One-third will be held centrally for reimbursement of the university’s costs associated with research, such as campus computing, libraries, faculty travel, compliance, research operations, etc.
- One-third will be held by the chancellor and the vice chancellor for research and economic development (VCRED) for strategic research initiatives, including seed grant programs, start-up funding, required cost sharing and bridge funding. In an effort to encourage investigators and investigative teams to propose large projects, the chancellor and VCRED will return an additional five percent of the recovered F&A costs to investigators for those competitive, full F&A-bearing grants with total costs of $1,000,000 or more per year. The five percent incentive calculation will be based on the amount remaining after reductions for the grant’s pro rata share of the $700,000 commitment to the university’s general operating budget and the 20.5% held centrally.
- The remaining third will be distributed as follows:
- For most individual or multi-investigator grants, the funds will be distributed to the appropriate college/administrative unit(s) indicated on the New Proposal Form in (NuRamp). The dean/director’s office will, at its discretion, provide the departments and/or centers a percentage of those funds. It is anticipated that these funds will be used strategically for research initiatives, faculty start-ups, bridge funding and required cost share, and to provide the necessary administrative support for research projects.
- For individual or multi-investigator grants proposed through an approved UNL center or initiative (list maintained by the VCR Office), 60% of the funds will be distributed to the college/administrative unit, 20% to the center/initiative, and 20% to the department. This is effective for proposals submitted after January 1, 2002.
- For large research initiatives (fully-competitive, full F&A-bearing grants, often referred to by agencies as center grants), 70% of the funds will be distributed to the center and 30% will be distributed to the college/administrative unit. These initiatives must be approved in writing by the VCRED prior to proposal submission and usually include projects for three or more years with budgets in excess of $1 million/year.
This policy will be reviewed periodically by the Office of Research to determine its continuing effectiveness in strengthening the growth of research at UNL. Questions about this policy should be directed to the Office of Research (402-472-3123 or UNLresearch@unl.edu). Last rev. 7/22/2008.
How Were F&A Funds Allocated in FY24?
FY2022 F&A Distribution Memo from VCRED
Memorandum
To: Deans, Chairs, Directors & Campus Administrators,
Subject: F&A Costs and Distribution
Date: September 27, 2022
I would like to share with campus leaders information about how Facilities & Administrative (F&A) costs were reimbursed, distributed and expended at UNL over the past year. F&A funds are intended to cover the costs of research. UNL has a well-established process for distributing recovered F&A. Some of these funds are held centrally for the general operating budget. The remaining portion is divided three ways. One portion supports units in ORED to ensure compliance and responsible management of sponsored projects. A second share of these funds is distributed to deans, departments, centers and faculty. The final amount is strategically invested in research at Nebraska to support faculty start-ups, recruitment and retention, facilities, renovation and equipment; to fund opportunities for collaboration, including retreats and education/training programs; and to provide other support in the form of seed grants, bridge funding, travel, cost share, etc. for faculty who are pursuing external funding.
Background: F&A costs, sometimes referred to as indirect costs or overhead, are those actual costs necessary to support research and other sponsored projects, but which cannot be readily assigned to individual projects. F&A costs include support costs related to facilities, libraries, departmental administration and general administration to comply with federal guidelines (procurement services, library services, research compliance and sponsored projects administration). Basic information about F&A costs and the policy for distribution of these funds are available on our website.
Rates: UNL’s F&A rate is calculated in accordance with federal cost principles and is negotiated periodically (usually every 3-4 years) with the federal government. It is important to remember that application of the F&A rate to sponsored projects actually represents a recovery of costs already incurred by the University during the preceding year. UNL’s last F&A rate negotiation was in 2019 and this table outlines the most recently calculated and negotiated F&A rates:
| On Campus Rate Category |
Calculated |
Negotiated |
| Organized Research |
78.56% |
55.50% |
| Ag Research Division |
80.62% |
48.50% |
| Instruction |
82.28% |
52.00% |
| Other Sponsored Activity |
62.48% |
44.00% |
| Cooperative Extension Services |
67.07% |
33.50% |
Distribution Model: F&A funds at UNL are used to ensure responsible conduct of research and compliance as well as supporting well selected, strategic opportunities that leverage UNL’s research growth goals.
The Office of Research and Innovation (ORED) allocates funds to various campus units each fall based on the F&A costs recovered during the previous fiscal year.
- The first $700,000 recovered is directed to the university’s general operating budget, as required by the State Legislature.
- After the general operating budget commitment is met, 20.5% of the remaining recovered F&A costs are held centrally.
– The first $2 million of this fund is used to support the Libraries; this allocation was implemented during the FY2011 budget reduction.
– $139,532 is used to support Information Technology Services high-speed networking. The remainder is used to support major research infrastructure projects, including new construction, renovation, major equipment, etc. Some of the projects previously funded from the research infrastructure fund include Ken Morrison Life Sciences Research Center, Prem S. Paul Research Center at Whittier School, Voelte-Keegan Nanoscience Research Center, Life Sciences Annex, Diocles Extreme Light Laboratory, East Stadium Research Laboratories, Leverton Hall, Behlen Laboratory, Hamilton Hall, Chase Hall, Walter Scott Engineering Center and the Beadle Center. These funds will also be utilized going forward to support the Grand Challenges Catalyst Competition.
– Since there is not sufficient funding to support all of our research infrastructure needs, F&A funds retained by the Chancellor and Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development have also been utilized to cover some of these infrastructure costs. - The remaining funds are distributed equally.
– One-third of the remaining funds are retained centrally to support various personnel and operating costs related to compliance and the responsible management of sponsored projects. These funds support units in ORED (Sponsored Programs, Proposal Development, Research Compliance, NUtech Ventures and Industry Relations), the division of Business & Finance (Environmental Health & Safety and Accounting), University Libraries, and the Executive Vice Chancellor’s Office (for faculty travel for competitive research).
– One-third of the funds are shared with colleges and divisions to support responsible management of and growth in sponsored projects. The colleges/divisions may choose to share these funds with related departments and/or centers.
– The remaining one-third is split between ORED (70%) and the Office of the Chancellor (30%). ORED utilizes the funding to drive strategic research programs at UNL, including faculty start-ups; recruitment and retention; competitive seed grants; internal awards and faculty support (bridge funding, travel, stipends, etc.); required cost share; research equipment; and research collaboration-related expenses. The Office of the Chancellor invests its funding in major research projects. As noted earlier, a portion of ORED’s and the Chancellor’s funds have been invested in research infrastructure in the past. Please refer to the attached table, which shows a detailed allocation of the F&A costs at UNL during the most recent fiscal year (FY2022).
FY2022 Expenditures: Expenditures: F&A research expenditures at UNL totaled $24.6M in FY2022. 28% of these expenditures supported compliance efforts and the responsible management of sponsored projects; 29% supported personnel costs for various faculty, staff and students working to support research at UNL; 21% supported capital research and lab equipment, the library’s permanent collection, or capital construction or renovation of research space on campus; 16% supported research operating costs primarily related to contracted services; 6% supported research, lab and computing supplies; and 1% funded research travel-related costs.
FY2022 F&A Research Expenditures by Type of Expense
FY2022 F&A Research Expenditures by Purpose
| Purpose of Investment | Percent of Expenditures |
| Faculty start-up, recruitment & retention | 30% |
| Staffing for the compliance/management of research | 28% |
| Facilities, renovation & equipment | 6% |
| Faculty support for external funding (seed grants, bridge funding, travel, cost share, etc.) | 33% |
| Collaboration (retreats & education/training programs) | 2% |
Beginning next year, for expenditures in FY2023, we will add reporting related to investments as they align with university-prioritized Grand Challenges in response to the N2025 target of at least 50% of strategic research investments aligned with university-prioritized Grand Challenges.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact my office (402-472-3123 or UNLresearch@unl.edu). Thanks for everything you do to support our growing research university.
Best regards,
Bob Wilhelm
Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development
Are F&A Waivers Allowed?
The Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development retains authority for waivers of F&A costs on proposals and awards. Because F&A costs represent true costs of a project, waiver requests should be limited only to those rare circumstances where the benefit to the university outweighs the monetary loss to the university. Some circumstances under which a waiver will be considered include: 1) the sponsoring agency has published policies limiting or prohibiting the payment of full F&A or indirect costs; 2) the project requires significant cost sharing that cannot be met by other sources; or 3) there are extenuating circumstances that support such a waiver. Because corporate sponsors are expected to benefit financially from the sponsored research, they are expected to pay UNL’s full F&A Rate.
Any request for a reduction of full F&A must be thoroughly justified and signed by the cognizant department chair and dean, prior to submission to the Office of Sponsored Programs for consideration and submitted well in advance of the proposal due date. The Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development makes the final determination for all waiver requests. You will be notified via email of the final determination.
For federal, state, and foundation proposals, if a sponsor’s published policy exists limiting our full F&A rate, a copy of the published policy (or a website where it can be found) is sufficient for justification. This request does not require approval by the department chair and dean.
